The trumpet branch of the Brass Family is a large one. There are many different sizes and pitches of trumpets. Trumpets are of cylindrical bore meaning that the tubing is the same diameter throughout until you get to the bell section. The smallest trumpet is called the piccolo trumpet and it is usually pitched in either the key of A or B flat. In many cases, the leadpipe will pull out to make it play in either key. The piccolo trumpet is used mostly for solo or quintet work. It is especially conducive to playing music of the Baroque era.
Next in line is the E flat trumpet which is pitched a perfect fourth above the most common B flat trumpet. The E flat trumpet is used in orchestra work mainly, including solos such as the popular Haydn Trumpet Concerto in Eb.
One of the most common instruments you will find in a symphony orchestra is the C trumpet. This is most likely due to the fact that orchestra trumpet players have to transpose music into many different keys, and the C trumpet makes this easier to do. The reason they need to transpose so much is because when many of the masterful works for symphonies were written, trumpets were valveless and the trumpeters would use different pitched trumpets to play in the correct key with the orchestra. Of course, to make these trumpet of different pitch, that would also mean that it had to be of different lengths, or have removable tubing of different lengths.
The next trumpet is just a step lower and is the most common. That is the B flat trumpet. It is used in bands of all types; rock, jazz, symphonic, ska, and many others. Nine chances out of ten if someone tells you they play the trumpet, this is probably the instrument to which they are referring.
Other types of trumpets include, but are not limited to: F trumpet, Bass trumpet, harold trumpet, rotary-valved trumpet, "bag horn" which is a regular length trumpet very tightly wound to make it appear smaller, as well as many more designs produced throughout the years.
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